The Oil Curse free essay sample

This is speculated to occur for some, various reasons, remembering a decay for the seriousness of other financial areas (brought about by valuation for theâ real trade rateâ as asset incomes enter an economy), instability of incomes from the regular asset segment because of presentation to worldwide product advertise swings, government bungle of assets, or feeble, inadequate, insecure or degenerate organizations (conceivably due to the effortlessly redirected real or foreseen income stream from extractive exercises). For what reason was the World Bank’s support in the Chad-Cameroon pipeline basic? While the Bank’s portion of the $4. 1billion was little, practically 10%, its support in the arrangement was basic. Since the World Bank had different advances to Chad, Exxon Mobile and the other oil organizations accepted that the World Bank’s interest would bring down their political dangers, for Chad would be probably not going to imperil its relationship with the World Bank. 3-Does the World Bank reserve an option to request that sovereign nations like Chad spend their oil incomes in manners the World Bank considers fitting? Straightforwardness International a nongovernmental association that yearly leads overviews of defilement positions Chad’s government as one of the most degenerate in Africa. We will compose a custom paper test on The Oil Curse or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Encouraging defilement was the absence of responsibility and straightforwardness in the utilization of oil incomes by numerous administrations. What's more, the incomes created by the pipeline would give adequate allurement: Over its evaluated 25-year life, the undertaking is required to yield $2 billion for Chad and $500 million for Cameroon. Given these conditions, the World Bank has the option to request Chad’s government affirmations that the incomes from the oil field would be committed to lightening the country’s neediness. So to pick up the World Bank’s endorsement for the credit, Chad consented to establish the Petroleum Revenue Management Law. 4-If the World Bank and Chad’s government neglect to settle their disagreement about alterations to the Petroleum Revenue Management Law, What should the consortium do? Would it be a good idea for them to make finances accessible to Chad’s government in disobedience of the World Bank’s wishes? Chad’s government started to endure spending troubles. In December 2005 Chad’s National Assembly casted a ballot to alter the oil Revenue Management Law. The new corrections abrogated extraordinary reserve that would protect oil incomes to serve people in the future. Furthermore, the enactment multiplied the level of oil incomes that the nation could spend without outside oversight to 30 percent. the World Bank acted quickly in light of this enactment, which it saw as forsaking Chad’s commitments under the understanding. In January 2006, it suspended every single new award and credits to Chad and remove extra payment under existing tasks with Chad. The World Bank’s activity influenced some 124$ million in undisbursed finance in eight bank-supported tasks with Chad. The Exxon-drove consortium was currently trapped in the center. It chose to retain all incomes until the question between the World Bank and Chad’s government was settled. Nonetheless, President Deby declared that if the consortium neglected to convey the assets to Chad’s government, he would request that oil creation stop in Doba. At last, the consortium could lose it rights to work in the nation. Be that as it may, if the consortium conveyed the assets to Deby government, it confronted the fury of the World Bank and different lobbyist bunches like straightforwardness universal. Given these conditions, and as I would like to think Exxon-drove consortium should intervene between Chad’s government and the World Bank to settle the question all together not to lose its privileges to work in the nation and not to confront the fury of the World Bank. Ensuing to the consenting to of the pipeline arrangement, world oil costs have expanded generously. Given the wretched destitution of Chad, should the oil organizations offer to build the sovereignties paid to chad’s government once its debate with the World Bank is settled? Sovereignties/Royalty Oil allude to The government’s level of continues from oil Production, these will fluctuate from nation to nation. Chad’s Government gets, in real m oney, 12. 5 percent of the deal cost of oil created From the Doba ? lds, after transportation costs and a quality markdown have been deducted. At times, eminences are a level of creation that is then sold by the administration. Eminences can be charged on net creation regardless of the expert? tability of the activity. So it is impossible that the oil organizations will offer to expand the sovereignties paid to Chad’s government except if this expansion in installments will be kind of weight on the Chad’s government to settle its question with the World Bank.

Discover More About Polyplacophora

Find More About Polyplacophora The term Polyplacophora alludes to a class of marine life that are a piece of the mollusk family. The tongue-contorting word is Latin for some plates. The creatures in this class are ordinarily known as chitonsâ and they have eight covering plates, or valves, on their level, prolonged shells. Around 800 types of chitons have been depicted. A large portion of these creatures live in the intertidal zone. Chitons might be from 0.3 to 12 inches in length. Under their shell plates, chitons have a mantle, flanked by a support or skirt. They may likewise have spines or hairs. The shell permits the animal to ensure itself, however the covering configuration likewise lets it flex in an upwards movement and move. Chitons can likewise twist up into a ball. Because of this, the shell gives insurance simultaneously as allowing the chiton to flex upward when it needs to move. How Polyplacophora Reproduce There are male and female chitons, and they imitate by discharging sperm and eggs into the water. The eggs might be prepared in the water or the female may hold the eggs, which are then treated by sperm that enters alongside water as the female breathes. When the eggs are treated, they become free-swimming hatchlings and afterward transform into an adolescent chiton. Here are a couple of more realities that we think about Polyplacophora: The word is pronouncedâ poly-plac-o-for-a.Chitons areâ also alluded to asâ sea cradlesâ or layer of-mail shells. Different names they are perceived by incorporate loricates,â polyplacophorans and polyplacophores.These animals are not generally observed by sea shore goers, as they live in rock hole or under rocks. They can likewise live on rocks.Polyplacophora are found in cool waters and in tropical waters. Some live in flowing zones and can hold up to air introduction for timeframes. Others can live as profound as 20,000 feet under the outside of the water.They are just found in salt water. They like to remain nearby to home and show homing, which implies they travel to take care of and afterward come back to the equivalent spot. People eat these ocean animals. They are normally served all through the Caribbean islands in spots, for example, Tobago, Aruba, Barbados, Bermuda, and Trinidad. Individuals in North and South America additionally eat them, just as those in the P hilippines.Similar to a mussel, they have a strong foot that permits them to move. Additionally like a mussel, they have solid grip controls and can stick capably to rocks in the sea. There are both male and female chitons, and they repeat externally.They eat everything from green growth and diatoms to barnacles and microbes. References: Campbell, A. furthermore, D. Fautin. 2001. ​Polyplacophora (Online), Animal Diversity Web. Gotten to August 23, 2010.The Polyplacophora (Online). Man and Mollusc. Gotten to August 23, 2010.Martinez, Andrew J. 2003. Marine Life of the North Atlantic. Water Quest Publications, Inc., New YorkUniversity of California Museum of Paleontology. The Polyplacophora (Online). Gotten to August 23, 2010.

Functionalist And Marxist Perspective On Religion Essay

Otherwise called the social clash approach, investigate of free enterprise. As indicated by Marx, in an entrepreneur society, religion assumes a basic job in keeping up an inconsistent society, where certain gatherings of individuals have a greater number of assets and force than different gatherings of individuals. For Marx, Ideology is a conviction framework that changes people’s impression of reality in manners that serves the enthusiasm of the decision class. He contends that the class that control monetary creation additionally controls the creation and appropriation of thoughts in the public arena, through establishments, for example, places of worship, training framework and so on. In Marx’s see religion works as an ideological weapon utilized by the decision class to legitimize the enduring of the poor as something inescapable and undeniable. The Marxist point of view, endure that religion work as a medication to dull the torment of misuse, since religion is a mutilated perspective on the world, it can offer no answer for natural hopelessness. Rather, it guarantees compensations in life following death that makes a hallucination of satisfaction which diverts consideration from the genuine wellspring of misery, to be specific free enterprise. Marx contended that the decision class utilized religion as an apparatus to keep the less incredible working class appeased. He contended that religion had the option to do this by promising awards in existence in the wake of death, rather than in this life. Marx was requiring the working class toâ discard religion and its misleading about other common occasions, at exactly that point would this class of individuals have the option to ascend against the decision class and deal with the methods for creation and at exactly that point would they accomplish genuine prizes. Here we can see the social-clash way to deal with strict features how religion, as a wonder of human conduct capacities to keep up social imbalance by giving a perspective that legitimizes abuse. Since Marx was focused on scrutinizing the overall association of society during his time, he took a specific position towards religion. He accepted this was a device of social control used to keep up an inconsistent society and that it ought to be nullified. Functionalist viewpoint on religion (Emile Durkheim) Durkheim plot that all religion share three components: 1. Convictions are held by a supporter. 2. Practices and Rituals. 3. Moral people group. The functionalist point of view expresses that religion is widespread, there are capacities that it satisfies for society. It fulfills singular needs and religion give individuals a feeling of personality. These capacities are: 1. It give social solidarity to help keep up social solidarity through shared customs and accepts. 2. Social control to uphold strict based ethics and standards to help keep up similarity and control in the public eye. 3. Religion offers significance and reason to respond to address of presence. Durkheim contended that religion went about as a wellspring of solidarity and recognizable proof for the people inside a general public. Religion gave a significance to life, it gave authority figures, and in particular for Durkheim, it strengthened the ethics and social standards held all in all by all inside a general public. Functionalist considered it to be a basic piece of the social framework, as it gives social control, attachment, and reason for individuals, just as another methods for correspondence and get-together for people to cooperate and reaffirm social standards. Also, Functionalist approach recognizes certain components of strict convictions that are regular across various so cieties. A confidence in an extraordinary domain isn't essential or normal among religions, however the partition of various parts of life, physical things, and certainâ behaviors into two classes: 1. Hallowed †Objects and practices that are viewed as a component of the profound or strict world. Understandable through uncommon encounters. 2. Profane †Everything else on the planet that don't have a strict capacity or hold strict importance. Understandable through ordinary exact perception. Functionalists accept that religion is an office of socialization, and the job of socialization religion plays is that of social learning. It accepts that society speaks to an outer restriction as standards and qualities control and breaking point our conduct. Both Marxism and Functionalism hypotheses take the full scale world view and that components of human culture must be comprehended as far as their relationship to a bigger structure. It contemplates the systems of society and how society molded our conduct. Marx’s hypothesis of religion should be found with regards to his general perspective on society, free enterprise rules the average workers. Though functionalism considers religion to be a binding together power and an element all social orders. Marxism considers religion to be a component just of class †isolated society.

Research And Describe What Is Cybersecurity Governance - 4125 Words

Research And Describe What Is Cybersecurity Governance (Research Paper Sample) Content: Students NameProfessors NameCourseDateCyber Security GovernanceGlobally, people live in an ever-growing networking platform ranging from personal electronic banking to government operations. These networks to be protected have been no longer an option but a necessity due to increased cybercrimes, threats, and attacks. Cyber risk has in many cases raise fears due to high profile criminal breaches and is seen to endanger the world economy due to increase in hack attacks and similar security threats (Kohnke, et al. 34). According to international reports, most organizations worldwide have attested to the fact that they are inadequately prepared by way of protection against cyber-attacks by themselves. This has led to cybercrime losses of cost in the world economy at an amount of approximately $500 billion and above each year (Lam, 90). This is often money compromised from organization's systems by criminals. For instance, these attackers target customer debit or credit card data and information. In financial institutions, cyber criminals embezzle money from the accounts, carries out businesses espionage and in extreme cases; they take over control of an organization system and later demand payments to unlock the systems. This leaves the government and many corporations with no doubt to search for better and excellent cyber strategy defense.Cyber security governance is essential in many organizations since it will utilize technologies, standard procedures, and practices about safeguard information systems. This leads to comprising of data, software programs, computers, and networking elements from malicious attacks, unauthorized modification, and access, damage or theft. It has become one of the major issues in today's business environments. It has brought rapid technological improvements by providing opportunities and sources of effectiveness but it also brought many unexpected threats in an organization. For instance, computer networks have remai ned to be a target for most cyber criminals, and the imminent danger is that cyber security attacks will continuously grow in future with the expanding networking systems. Therefore, an organization should take the necessary precautions to minimize their loss from attackers who only seek to cause them harm (Lam, 56). Particularly, they should have the correct level of preparation to tackle breaches and security experts to offer external assistance. This will help to control damages and make them recover from cyber-attacks and the outcomes.Cyber Security Governance StrategyTo manage cybersecurity, it should be a process that is based on potential risk assessments, and it should concentrate on the primary cyber security spheres of influence which include: people, process, technology and compliance. 1 PeopleThis human factor is commonly dealt with at two primary levels: First are the non-technical workers must always have the latest awareness of their duties in reducing and preventing cyber threats. If it is to be carried out efficiently, this staff program knowledge should help an organization in identifying possible security risks.They should assist the staff in understanding the outcome of severe cyber security governance, ensuring a persistent roll out of activities. Also, progress the communication between various teams at different levels of ranks in the organization. Second are the technical staff equally must have full, current cyber security skills, qualifications, and competency. This means they are prepared to be a specialist who will plan and carry out the most complex procedures required to realize an efficient cyber security governance strategy. A weak and less trained staff management just implies insufficient risk management and their application to cyber security control might not work exposing their system to attacks. Also, it is an organizations responsibility to recover and respond to data and information breaches which highly depends on the t echnical staff competency. 2 ProcessesEfficient processes explain and define how all and the many institutional activities, roles, procedures, and documentation are put to use. Specifically, to prevent risks to the organization's information security and are the main elements to implementing efficient cyber security governance strategy. The process requires a continuous improvement and assessment of the security system (Liu, et al. 56). The process ensures this by providing the threats of the organization are continually looked at and that the appropriate preventive measure for control is upgraded and implemented. The process often includes domains such as; documentation toolkits which provide a suitable template outlining the guidelines used in creating policies. Also, is work instructions, procedures, improvement methodology, and, roles according to cyber security governance of an organization. The essential cyber scheme similarly uses a backing up and supports an organizations pl an to guide their operations while protecting themselves from cyber threats. This in turn helps to greatly prevent cyber-attacks by a higher percentage. Consultancy packages, on the other hand, provide all necessary elements needed to implement governance strategy without further involved incurred costs and complexities. 3 TechnologyThe technological factor is another significant element in realizing cyber security management for any organization. An efficient cyber security management program requires that the detection of cyber threats and the choice of appropriate measures and controls to mitigate the effects of such cyber-attacks. A company must outline and provide a standard guidance to cyber threat management and the kind of control that should be used to prevent these threats. There are always twenty recognized technological security checks. Each of these controls should be supported by complete automation, measurement, and test guidance. Then it should reflect a consent of m any security specialists on the better and efficient way to prevent specific security attacks that the technological controls are created to deal with.Cyber Security Governance ImplementationCyber security governance is implemented through the use of Access Control as well as CIA standards. Access control procedure involves controlling the person who is given right of access to information and data to identify which degree they can modify or use this data or information. Access control, also, includes the control of access to substantial assets. To identify with the fundamentals of the Access control, one studies how opportunity software programs work (Williams, 27). In these programs, the proprietor can craft several groups and allocate to them limited access to specific networking programs. Then various groups can be assigned to each networking systems. The administrator can also give extraordinary privileges to precise users who should get free access to private networking system in spite of belonging to different user groups. Other teams should be allowed to place announcements, as others only allowed to respond to the posts.The Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) just refer to the three states of information and data that we should be protecting in the networking system. The data requires to be confidentially kept (no spying or unauthorized access). It is necessary to maintain its integrity (no manipulation, alteration, or damage of the information and data) and it is necessary to remain accessible whichever time it is needed. No ransomware or attacks, even though ransomware often endanger both the availability and integrity of the information and data.Most Security Management systems suggest that the following are the steps regarding the setting up and implementation of a Cyber Security Management System: risk assessments, Asset identification, risk treatment. The following steps would be implemented in an organization that needs to secure its cyber security governance system. 1) Asset identification involves identifying the essential assets necessary in coming up with a cybersecurity governance system which will be used to create the system (Kohnke, et al. 77). This process majorly is the developing phase for any security system which is implemented later when tested and found to be effective. 2) Risk Assessment involves assessing the weaknesses that could result in breaches of the system. This process also allows for the testing of the system performance by access control in which an organization tries to attack its system to identify vulnerabilities. For instance, they may decide to steal information and see if the system is a success or a failure. 3) Risk Treatment involves responding to any vulnerability found during the risk assessment process. This means that if they were able to successfully identify or even get external access to vital company information, this is the phase to fix such weakness. It majorly i nvolves setting up of even detection software systems that will recognize any intruder and raise alert of intrusion.Cyber Security Governance for OrganizationsAn effective cyber security governance position should be comparative to the risks factors faced by every organization, which must be based on the result of risks assessments. All agencies commonly face two kinds of cyber security attack which include: deliberate attacks from intruders. They carry out this breach due to belief that an organization might be having a high profile and at the same time shows to be containing valuable information. Also, if they would publicly benefit from such an attack, in case it becomes successful. Also, opportunists would attack an organization's security system because their automatic scan possibly detected the presence of an exploitable weakness. Virtually all internet systems often have exploitable weaknesses unless it has been t...

Billys Beats Inc. - 671 Words

Case 11-8 Billy’s Beats Inc. Billy’s Beats Inc. (Billy’s), an SEC registrant, is a new audit client with a fiscal year-end of December 31, 2011. Billy’s manufactures musical instruments. Billy’s acquired Little Drummer Boy Inc. (Little Drummer) in 2011 for $575 million in cash. The fair value of significant assets acquired was determined by an external valuation specialist and included property, plant, and equipment totaling $865 million (based on an appraisal of the market prices of similar assets) and other assets totaling $145 million. The useful lives assigned to the property, plant, and equipment acquired were 30 years for the plant and 15 years for the equipment. The useful lives for the plant and equipment already owned by Billy’s†¦show more content†¦This memo was included in the audit working papers, but the working papers did not include any additional documentation from the engagement team. Required: For both Little Drumme r and RockOut, determine whether the engagement team performed adequate and appropriate audit procedures considering management’s assumptions. (Note that your focus should be on the substantive audit procedures performed, not the accounting treatment nor the control testing.) If the engagement team did not perform adequate and appropriate procedures, describe what additional procedures you would have performed. Copyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All RightsShow MoreRelatedTrueblood Case Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesSUBJECT: Deciding the Appropriate Extent of Audit Performed for Billy’s Beats for Asset Valuation Billy’s Beats Inc., an SEC registrant, is a new audit client with a fiscal year-end of December 31, 2010. Billy’s is a manufacturer of musical instruments. Billy’s acquired Little Drummer Boy Inc. in 2010 for $575 million in cash. Significant assets acquired included property, plant, and equipment totaling $865 million and other assets totaling $145 million. The useful lives assigned to the propertyRead MoreBilly s Beats1068 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Kevin Oblinger 10/31/14 Billy’s Beats Case Intro Billy’s Beats Inc (Bill’ys) is an SEC registrant manufacturer of musical intraments. Billy’s has recently acquired one company, Little Drummer Boy Inc (Little Drummer), and wholly owns RockOut Inc. Both Little Drummer and RockOut are manufacturers of musical intstraments, making guitars, and drums respectively. Billy’s acquisition of Little Drummer took place in 201X for an outlay of $575 million in cash; an external valuation specialist assessed

The Impact of Event Industry-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are to write anessaywhich Identifies and Critically discussesthe range of events held in a city, district or region and their Impact on the economy, culture and environment of that location. Answer: Event industry is directly linked with overall development of a particular region, city or even country. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate the impact of event industry on the regional development of a city. The city chosen for this essay is Melbourne of Australia. Moreover, the essay will highlight the significance of event industry on the regional development of Melbourne. The essay will also demonstrate various examples of events in Melbourne towards its economic, social and environmental development. Melbourne has become the centre stage of major events in Australia all throughout the year. Steady and rapid growth of event industry has major contribution in the regional development of Melbourne. Various types of events conducted in this city are like festivals, sports, tourism, music, hall, mega, cultural, business and lot more. Such events are tightly integrated with the overall development of the city. Moreover, some popular and significant types of events of this city are like Melbourne Cup, Moomba Festival, Australia day and many more. Development of such events contributes in regional development, which includes economic development, social and cultural development and environmental development. The event industry of Australia majorly contributes in the economic development of Melbourne. According to Mair and Whitford (2013), popular events of Melbourne highly attract the audiences and tourists to purchase the event tickets. In this way, such events enhance the funding of the region having huge profit earned from the event program. On the other hand, Kwiatkowski (2016) opined that event programs have also indirect contribution in the economic development of surrounding businesses like food and beverage, accommodation, transportation and many others. Moreover, the major events encourage the event attendees in spending money to have luxurious accommodation, delicious foods and comfortable transportation. Therefore, growth of event industry has wide contribution in overall business development of almost all sectors, which leads to overall economic development of Australia. While considering the evidence of Melbourne Cup in Melbourne, it can be seen that the event attendees spen d almost AUD $200 on the regional business development of the city over 10 day period (Victoria Racing Club 2017). Lee, Mjelde and Kwon (2017) pointed out that event industry growth contributed in the economic development of Melbourne through creating huge job opportunities for the unemployed youths. Such enhanced employment ultimately increases overall economic growth of the city. Moreover, the tax collected from the employed persons ultimate develops the economic growth of the city. While considering the evidence of Melbourne International Comedy Festival, it has been found that event has created almost 10% job opportunities for unemployed youth of Melbourne (The Guardian 2017). In this way, this event is actually contributing in the overall economic growth of the city. On the other hand, Andersson and Lundberg (2013) opined that event industry also contributes in the economic development of Melbourne through the development of event tourism. Event tourism is extremely important for attracting the international tourists in the city for enjoying its specific attraction. Therefore, the event indu stry has huge contribution in the economic development and tourism development of Melbourne through the collection of revenues collected foreign tourists. While considering the example of Australia Day in Melbourne, it can be found that Australia Day attracts huge numbers of foreign tourists. In this way, the foreign currencies are added with the local currency, which contributes in the overall economic development of the city (Australiaday.org.au 2017). Event industry also contributes in the social and cultural development of Melbourne. According to Lew (2014), special events drive collaboration of community people towards for its special arrangement. In this way, such collaboration of people leads to high level of social cohesion with shared value among those community people. In this way, the event industry facilitates in fostering social network within the community. On the other hand, Mair and Whitford (2013) opined that popular event programs bring community people together and encourage them to share innovation ideas for community development and community growth. Hence, such togetherness and collaboration maximize the level of social cohesion with enhanced trust among the community people. While looking at the example of Sustainable Living Festival, it can be seen that such festival collaborates people from Government, renewable and environmental energy groups, experts in climate service. It also brings together the artists, musicians and other community people for demonstrating the way of community people. Such event encourages the community people towards sharing innovative ideas of community development (Visit Victoria home 2017). In this way, such event enhances the social cohesion among the community people. Event program results in cultural collaboration among the community people. Lee, Mjelde and Kwon (2017) pointed out that cultural events revitalize the tradition of Melbourne and enhances its cultural validation. Such special cultural events of Melbourne attract both international as well as inter-regional tourists. In this way, such cultural event fosters cultural collaboration among community people and enhances the cultural perspective of the city. While taking the evidence of Melbourne Festival, it can be seen that this festival attracts both international as well as inter-regional tourists. Moreover, such people come to enjoy the special cultural music, dance, art, theatre, circus and many other special programs of Melbourne (Australia.gov.au 2017). In this way, such event leads to cultural collaboration among the community people of Melbourne. Event industry is also responsible for environmental development of Melbourne. According to Andersson and Lundberg (2013), the effectiveness and attractiveness of event programs are largely dependent on renewal and transformation of urban areas. It leads to infrastructural development of the urban areas. On the other hand, Mair and Whitford (2013) opined that event organizations are highly inclined towards revitalizing and appreciating the special attraction of Melbourne. Therefore, even industry revitalizes and preserves the special attraction of the particular city. Furthermore, the some event organizations also take active steps in spreading environmental awareness among the community people. In this way, the event industry can foster environmental sustainability and assist in protecting the environment from harmful effects. While considering the example of Melbourne Food and Wine Festival, it can be seen that this festival majorly uses biodegradable cleaning products in the event programs. Such biodegradable cleaning products protect the surrounding environment from harmful effects (Melbourne Food and Wine Festival 2017). In this way, this event fosters environmental sustainability in the community. While concluding the study, it can be said that event industry has huge contribution in the overall regional development of Melbourne. Event programs contribute in economic development of the city, when the event attendees purchase the event tickets. Furthermore, the event industry also indirectly develops the economic condition of other sectors like food and beverage, accommodation, transportation and many more. Apart from that, the industry is also directly linked with creation of job opportunity in the city towards its overall economic development. Event industry has also huge contribution in social and cultural development of Melbourne. Various event programs of this city lead to cultural collaboration among the community people. In this way, event industry fosters strong social cohesion and social network among the community people. On the other hand, event industry preserves and revitalizes the special attraction of the city. Therefore, this industry also contributes in the env ironmental development of Melbourne. Reference List Andersson, T.D. and Lundberg, E., 2013. Commensurability and sustainability: Triple impact assessments of a tourism event.Tourism Management,37, pp.99-109. Australia.gov.au. 2017.Festivals in Australia | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/festivals-in-australia [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Australiaday.org.au. 2017.Australia Day. [online] Available at: https://www.australiaday.org.au/ Kwiatkowski, G., 2016. Economic Impact of Event Attendees' Spending On a Host Region: A Review of the Research.Event Management,20(4), pp.501-515. Lee, C.K., Mjelde, J.W. and Kwon, Y.J., 2017. Estimating the economic impact of a mega-event on host and neighbouring regions.Leisure Studies,36(1), pp.138-152. Lew, A.A., 2014. Scale, change and resilience in community tourism planning.Tourism Geographies,16(1), pp.14-22. Mair, J. and Whitford, M., 2013. An exploration of events research: event topics, themes and emerging trends.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,4(1), pp.6-30. Melbourne Food and Wine Festival. 2017.Melbourne Food Wine Festival. [online] Available at: https://www.melbournefoodandwine.com.au/ [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. The Guardian. 2017.Melbourne International Comedy festival 2017 | Culture | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/culture/melbourne-international-comedy-festival-2017 Victoria Racing Club. 2017.Melbourne Cup Carnival. [online] Available at: https://www.flemington.com.au/melbournecupcarnival Visit Victoria home. 2017.Sustainable Living Festival, Event, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.visitvictoria.com/regions/Melbourne/Events/Lifestyle/Sustainable-Living-Festival.aspx

Michelangelo Essays (1627 words) - Sistine Chapel, Painted Ceilings

Michelangelo Michelangelo was pessimistic in his poetry and an optimist in his artwork. Michelangelo's artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it's natural state. Michelangelo's poetry was pessimistic in his response to Strazzi even though he was complementing him. Michelangelo's sculpture brought out his optimism. Michelangelo was optimistic in completing The Tomb of Pope Julius II and persevered through it's many revisions trying to complete his vision. Sculpture was Michelangelo's main goal and the love of his life. Since his art portrayed both optimism and pessimism, Michelangelo was in touch with his positive and negative sides, showing that he had a great and stable personality. Michelangelo's artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it's natural state. Michelangelo Buonarroti was called to Rome in 1505 by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. We have no clear sense of what the tomb was to look like, since over the y ears it went through at least five conceptual revisions. The tomb was to have three levels; the bottom level was to have sculpted figures representing Victory and bond slaves. The second level was to have statues of Moses and Saint Paul as well as symbolic figures of the active and contemplative life- representative of the human striving for, and reception of, knowledge. The third level, it is assumed, was to have an effigy of the deceased pope. The tomb of Pope Julius II was never finished. What was finished of the tomb represents a twenty-year span of frustrating delays and revised schemes. Michelangelo had hardly begun work on the pope's tomb when Julius commanded him to fresco the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel to complete the work done in the previous century under Sixtus IV. The overall organization consists of four large triangles at the corner; a series of eight triangular spaces on the outer border; an intermediate series of figures; and nine central panels, all bound togeth er with architectural motifs and nude male figures. The corner triangles depict heroic action in the Old Testament, while the other eight triangles depict the biblical ancestors of Jesus Christ. Michelangelo conceived and executed this huge work as a single unit. It's overall meaning is a problem. The issue has engaged historians of art for generations without satisfactory resolution. The paintings that were done by Michelangelo had been painted with the brightest colors that just bloomed the whole ceiling as one entered to look. The ceiling had been completed just a little after the Pope had died. The Sistine Chapel is the best fresco ever done. Michelangelo embodied many characteristic qualities of the Renaissance. An individualistic, highly competitive genius (sometimes to the point of eccentricity). Michelangelo was not afraid to show humanity in it's natural state - nakedness; even in front of the Pope and the other religious leaders. Michelangelo portrayed life as it is, even with it's troubles. Michelangelo wanted to express his own artistic ideas. The most puzzling thing about Michelangelo's ceiling design is the great number of seemingly irrelevant nude figures that he included in his gigantic fresco. Four youths frame most of the Genesis scenes. We know from historical records that various church officials objected to the many nudes, but Pope Julius gave Michelangelo artistic freedom, and eventually ruled the chapel off limits to anyone save himself, until the painting was completed. The many nude figures are referred to as Ignudi. They are naked humans, perhaps representing the naked truth. More likely, I think they represent Michelangelo's concept of the human potential for perfection. Michelangelo himself said, ?Whoever strives for perfection is striving for something divine.? In painting nude humans, he is suggesting the unfinished human; each of us is born nude with a mind and a body, in Neoplatonic thought, with the power to be our own shapers . Michelangelo has a very great personality for his time. In Rome, in 1536, Michelangelo was at work on the Last Judgment for the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel, which he finished in 1541. The largest fresco of the Renaissance, it depicts Judgment Day. Christ, with a clap of thunder, puts into motion the inevitable separation, with the saved ascending on the left side of