Research And Describe What Is Cybersecurity Governance - 4125 Words

Research And Describe What Is Cybersecurity Governance (Research Paper Sample) Content: Students NameProfessors NameCourseDateCyber Security GovernanceGlobally, people live in an ever-growing networking platform ranging from personal electronic banking to government operations. These networks to be protected have been no longer an option but a necessity due to increased cybercrimes, threats, and attacks. Cyber risk has in many cases raise fears due to high profile criminal breaches and is seen to endanger the world economy due to increase in hack attacks and similar security threats (Kohnke, et al. 34). According to international reports, most organizations worldwide have attested to the fact that they are inadequately prepared by way of protection against cyber-attacks by themselves. This has led to cybercrime losses of cost in the world economy at an amount of approximately $500 billion and above each year (Lam, 90). This is often money compromised from organization's systems by criminals. For instance, these attackers target customer debit or credit card data and information. In financial institutions, cyber criminals embezzle money from the accounts, carries out businesses espionage and in extreme cases; they take over control of an organization system and later demand payments to unlock the systems. This leaves the government and many corporations with no doubt to search for better and excellent cyber strategy defense.Cyber security governance is essential in many organizations since it will utilize technologies, standard procedures, and practices about safeguard information systems. This leads to comprising of data, software programs, computers, and networking elements from malicious attacks, unauthorized modification, and access, damage or theft. It has become one of the major issues in today's business environments. It has brought rapid technological improvements by providing opportunities and sources of effectiveness but it also brought many unexpected threats in an organization. For instance, computer networks have remai ned to be a target for most cyber criminals, and the imminent danger is that cyber security attacks will continuously grow in future with the expanding networking systems. Therefore, an organization should take the necessary precautions to minimize their loss from attackers who only seek to cause them harm (Lam, 56). Particularly, they should have the correct level of preparation to tackle breaches and security experts to offer external assistance. This will help to control damages and make them recover from cyber-attacks and the outcomes.Cyber Security Governance StrategyTo manage cybersecurity, it should be a process that is based on potential risk assessments, and it should concentrate on the primary cyber security spheres of influence which include: people, process, technology and compliance. 1 PeopleThis human factor is commonly dealt with at two primary levels: First are the non-technical workers must always have the latest awareness of their duties in reducing and preventing cyber threats. If it is to be carried out efficiently, this staff program knowledge should help an organization in identifying possible security risks.They should assist the staff in understanding the outcome of severe cyber security governance, ensuring a persistent roll out of activities. Also, progress the communication between various teams at different levels of ranks in the organization. Second are the technical staff equally must have full, current cyber security skills, qualifications, and competency. This means they are prepared to be a specialist who will plan and carry out the most complex procedures required to realize an efficient cyber security governance strategy. A weak and less trained staff management just implies insufficient risk management and their application to cyber security control might not work exposing their system to attacks. Also, it is an organizations responsibility to recover and respond to data and information breaches which highly depends on the t echnical staff competency. 2 ProcessesEfficient processes explain and define how all and the many institutional activities, roles, procedures, and documentation are put to use. Specifically, to prevent risks to the organization's information security and are the main elements to implementing efficient cyber security governance strategy. The process requires a continuous improvement and assessment of the security system (Liu, et al. 56). The process ensures this by providing the threats of the organization are continually looked at and that the appropriate preventive measure for control is upgraded and implemented. The process often includes domains such as; documentation toolkits which provide a suitable template outlining the guidelines used in creating policies. Also, is work instructions, procedures, improvement methodology, and, roles according to cyber security governance of an organization. The essential cyber scheme similarly uses a backing up and supports an organizations pl an to guide their operations while protecting themselves from cyber threats. This in turn helps to greatly prevent cyber-attacks by a higher percentage. Consultancy packages, on the other hand, provide all necessary elements needed to implement governance strategy without further involved incurred costs and complexities. 3 TechnologyThe technological factor is another significant element in realizing cyber security management for any organization. An efficient cyber security management program requires that the detection of cyber threats and the choice of appropriate measures and controls to mitigate the effects of such cyber-attacks. A company must outline and provide a standard guidance to cyber threat management and the kind of control that should be used to prevent these threats. There are always twenty recognized technological security checks. Each of these controls should be supported by complete automation, measurement, and test guidance. Then it should reflect a consent of m any security specialists on the better and efficient way to prevent specific security attacks that the technological controls are created to deal with.Cyber Security Governance ImplementationCyber security governance is implemented through the use of Access Control as well as CIA standards. Access control procedure involves controlling the person who is given right of access to information and data to identify which degree they can modify or use this data or information. Access control, also, includes the control of access to substantial assets. To identify with the fundamentals of the Access control, one studies how opportunity software programs work (Williams, 27). In these programs, the proprietor can craft several groups and allocate to them limited access to specific networking programs. Then various groups can be assigned to each networking systems. The administrator can also give extraordinary privileges to precise users who should get free access to private networking system in spite of belonging to different user groups. Other teams should be allowed to place announcements, as others only allowed to respond to the posts.The Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) just refer to the three states of information and data that we should be protecting in the networking system. The data requires to be confidentially kept (no spying or unauthorized access). It is necessary to maintain its integrity (no manipulation, alteration, or damage of the information and data) and it is necessary to remain accessible whichever time it is needed. No ransomware or attacks, even though ransomware often endanger both the availability and integrity of the information and data.Most Security Management systems suggest that the following are the steps regarding the setting up and implementation of a Cyber Security Management System: risk assessments, Asset identification, risk treatment. The following steps would be implemented in an organization that needs to secure its cyber security governance system. 1) Asset identification involves identifying the essential assets necessary in coming up with a cybersecurity governance system which will be used to create the system (Kohnke, et al. 77). This process majorly is the developing phase for any security system which is implemented later when tested and found to be effective. 2) Risk Assessment involves assessing the weaknesses that could result in breaches of the system. This process also allows for the testing of the system performance by access control in which an organization tries to attack its system to identify vulnerabilities. For instance, they may decide to steal information and see if the system is a success or a failure. 3) Risk Treatment involves responding to any vulnerability found during the risk assessment process. This means that if they were able to successfully identify or even get external access to vital company information, this is the phase to fix such weakness. It majorly i nvolves setting up of even detection software systems that will recognize any intruder and raise alert of intrusion.Cyber Security Governance for OrganizationsAn effective cyber security governance position should be comparative to the risks factors faced by every organization, which must be based on the result of risks assessments. All agencies commonly face two kinds of cyber security attack which include: deliberate attacks from intruders. They carry out this breach due to belief that an organization might be having a high profile and at the same time shows to be containing valuable information. Also, if they would publicly benefit from such an attack, in case it becomes successful. Also, opportunists would attack an organization's security system because their automatic scan possibly detected the presence of an exploitable weakness. Virtually all internet systems often have exploitable weaknesses unless it has been t...

Billys Beats Inc. - 671 Words

Case 11-8 Billy’s Beats Inc. Billy’s Beats Inc. (Billy’s), an SEC registrant, is a new audit client with a fiscal year-end of December 31, 2011. Billy’s manufactures musical instruments. Billy’s acquired Little Drummer Boy Inc. (Little Drummer) in 2011 for $575 million in cash. The fair value of significant assets acquired was determined by an external valuation specialist and included property, plant, and equipment totaling $865 million (based on an appraisal of the market prices of similar assets) and other assets totaling $145 million. The useful lives assigned to the property, plant, and equipment acquired were 30 years for the plant and 15 years for the equipment. The useful lives for the plant and equipment already owned by Billy’s†¦show more content†¦This memo was included in the audit working papers, but the working papers did not include any additional documentation from the engagement team. Required: For both Little Drumme r and RockOut, determine whether the engagement team performed adequate and appropriate audit procedures considering management’s assumptions. (Note that your focus should be on the substantive audit procedures performed, not the accounting treatment nor the control testing.) If the engagement team did not perform adequate and appropriate procedures, describe what additional procedures you would have performed. Copyright 2009 Deloitte Development LLC All RightsShow MoreRelatedTrueblood Case Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesSUBJECT: Deciding the Appropriate Extent of Audit Performed for Billy’s Beats for Asset Valuation Billy’s Beats Inc., an SEC registrant, is a new audit client with a fiscal year-end of December 31, 2010. Billy’s is a manufacturer of musical instruments. Billy’s acquired Little Drummer Boy Inc. in 2010 for $575 million in cash. Significant assets acquired included property, plant, and equipment totaling $865 million and other assets totaling $145 million. The useful lives assigned to the propertyRead MoreBilly s Beats1068 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Kevin Oblinger 10/31/14 Billy’s Beats Case Intro Billy’s Beats Inc (Bill’ys) is an SEC registrant manufacturer of musical intraments. Billy’s has recently acquired one company, Little Drummer Boy Inc (Little Drummer), and wholly owns RockOut Inc. Both Little Drummer and RockOut are manufacturers of musical intstraments, making guitars, and drums respectively. Billy’s acquisition of Little Drummer took place in 201X for an outlay of $575 million in cash; an external valuation specialist assessed

The Impact of Event Industry-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are to write anessaywhich Identifies and Critically discussesthe range of events held in a city, district or region and their Impact on the economy, culture and environment of that location. Answer: Event industry is directly linked with overall development of a particular region, city or even country. The aim of this essay is to demonstrate the impact of event industry on the regional development of a city. The city chosen for this essay is Melbourne of Australia. Moreover, the essay will highlight the significance of event industry on the regional development of Melbourne. The essay will also demonstrate various examples of events in Melbourne towards its economic, social and environmental development. Melbourne has become the centre stage of major events in Australia all throughout the year. Steady and rapid growth of event industry has major contribution in the regional development of Melbourne. Various types of events conducted in this city are like festivals, sports, tourism, music, hall, mega, cultural, business and lot more. Such events are tightly integrated with the overall development of the city. Moreover, some popular and significant types of events of this city are like Melbourne Cup, Moomba Festival, Australia day and many more. Development of such events contributes in regional development, which includes economic development, social and cultural development and environmental development. The event industry of Australia majorly contributes in the economic development of Melbourne. According to Mair and Whitford (2013), popular events of Melbourne highly attract the audiences and tourists to purchase the event tickets. In this way, such events enhance the funding of the region having huge profit earned from the event program. On the other hand, Kwiatkowski (2016) opined that event programs have also indirect contribution in the economic development of surrounding businesses like food and beverage, accommodation, transportation and many others. Moreover, the major events encourage the event attendees in spending money to have luxurious accommodation, delicious foods and comfortable transportation. Therefore, growth of event industry has wide contribution in overall business development of almost all sectors, which leads to overall economic development of Australia. While considering the evidence of Melbourne Cup in Melbourne, it can be seen that the event attendees spen d almost AUD $200 on the regional business development of the city over 10 day period (Victoria Racing Club 2017). Lee, Mjelde and Kwon (2017) pointed out that event industry growth contributed in the economic development of Melbourne through creating huge job opportunities for the unemployed youths. Such enhanced employment ultimately increases overall economic growth of the city. Moreover, the tax collected from the employed persons ultimate develops the economic growth of the city. While considering the evidence of Melbourne International Comedy Festival, it has been found that event has created almost 10% job opportunities for unemployed youth of Melbourne (The Guardian 2017). In this way, this event is actually contributing in the overall economic growth of the city. On the other hand, Andersson and Lundberg (2013) opined that event industry also contributes in the economic development of Melbourne through the development of event tourism. Event tourism is extremely important for attracting the international tourists in the city for enjoying its specific attraction. Therefore, the event indu stry has huge contribution in the economic development and tourism development of Melbourne through the collection of revenues collected foreign tourists. While considering the example of Australia Day in Melbourne, it can be found that Australia Day attracts huge numbers of foreign tourists. In this way, the foreign currencies are added with the local currency, which contributes in the overall economic development of the city (Australiaday.org.au 2017). Event industry also contributes in the social and cultural development of Melbourne. According to Lew (2014), special events drive collaboration of community people towards for its special arrangement. In this way, such collaboration of people leads to high level of social cohesion with shared value among those community people. In this way, the event industry facilitates in fostering social network within the community. On the other hand, Mair and Whitford (2013) opined that popular event programs bring community people together and encourage them to share innovation ideas for community development and community growth. Hence, such togetherness and collaboration maximize the level of social cohesion with enhanced trust among the community people. While looking at the example of Sustainable Living Festival, it can be seen that such festival collaborates people from Government, renewable and environmental energy groups, experts in climate service. It also brings together the artists, musicians and other community people for demonstrating the way of community people. Such event encourages the community people towards sharing innovative ideas of community development (Visit Victoria home 2017). In this way, such event enhances the social cohesion among the community people. Event program results in cultural collaboration among the community people. Lee, Mjelde and Kwon (2017) pointed out that cultural events revitalize the tradition of Melbourne and enhances its cultural validation. Such special cultural events of Melbourne attract both international as well as inter-regional tourists. In this way, such cultural event fosters cultural collaboration among community people and enhances the cultural perspective of the city. While taking the evidence of Melbourne Festival, it can be seen that this festival attracts both international as well as inter-regional tourists. Moreover, such people come to enjoy the special cultural music, dance, art, theatre, circus and many other special programs of Melbourne (Australia.gov.au 2017). In this way, such event leads to cultural collaboration among the community people of Melbourne. Event industry is also responsible for environmental development of Melbourne. According to Andersson and Lundberg (2013), the effectiveness and attractiveness of event programs are largely dependent on renewal and transformation of urban areas. It leads to infrastructural development of the urban areas. On the other hand, Mair and Whitford (2013) opined that event organizations are highly inclined towards revitalizing and appreciating the special attraction of Melbourne. Therefore, even industry revitalizes and preserves the special attraction of the particular city. Furthermore, the some event organizations also take active steps in spreading environmental awareness among the community people. In this way, the event industry can foster environmental sustainability and assist in protecting the environment from harmful effects. While considering the example of Melbourne Food and Wine Festival, it can be seen that this festival majorly uses biodegradable cleaning products in the event programs. Such biodegradable cleaning products protect the surrounding environment from harmful effects (Melbourne Food and Wine Festival 2017). In this way, this event fosters environmental sustainability in the community. While concluding the study, it can be said that event industry has huge contribution in the overall regional development of Melbourne. Event programs contribute in economic development of the city, when the event attendees purchase the event tickets. Furthermore, the event industry also indirectly develops the economic condition of other sectors like food and beverage, accommodation, transportation and many more. Apart from that, the industry is also directly linked with creation of job opportunity in the city towards its overall economic development. Event industry has also huge contribution in social and cultural development of Melbourne. Various event programs of this city lead to cultural collaboration among the community people. In this way, event industry fosters strong social cohesion and social network among the community people. On the other hand, event industry preserves and revitalizes the special attraction of the city. Therefore, this industry also contributes in the env ironmental development of Melbourne. Reference List Andersson, T.D. and Lundberg, E., 2013. Commensurability and sustainability: Triple impact assessments of a tourism event.Tourism Management,37, pp.99-109. Australia.gov.au. 2017.Festivals in Australia | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/festivals-in-australia [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. Australiaday.org.au. 2017.Australia Day. [online] Available at: https://www.australiaday.org.au/ Kwiatkowski, G., 2016. Economic Impact of Event Attendees' Spending On a Host Region: A Review of the Research.Event Management,20(4), pp.501-515. Lee, C.K., Mjelde, J.W. and Kwon, Y.J., 2017. Estimating the economic impact of a mega-event on host and neighbouring regions.Leisure Studies,36(1), pp.138-152. Lew, A.A., 2014. Scale, change and resilience in community tourism planning.Tourism Geographies,16(1), pp.14-22. Mair, J. and Whitford, M., 2013. An exploration of events research: event topics, themes and emerging trends.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,4(1), pp.6-30. Melbourne Food and Wine Festival. 2017.Melbourne Food Wine Festival. [online] Available at: https://www.melbournefoodandwine.com.au/ [Accessed 23 Nov. 2017]. The Guardian. 2017.Melbourne International Comedy festival 2017 | Culture | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/culture/melbourne-international-comedy-festival-2017 Victoria Racing Club. 2017.Melbourne Cup Carnival. [online] Available at: https://www.flemington.com.au/melbournecupcarnival Visit Victoria home. 2017.Sustainable Living Festival, Event, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.visitvictoria.com/regions/Melbourne/Events/Lifestyle/Sustainable-Living-Festival.aspx

Michelangelo Essays (1627 words) - Sistine Chapel, Painted Ceilings

Michelangelo Michelangelo was pessimistic in his poetry and an optimist in his artwork. Michelangelo's artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it's natural state. Michelangelo's poetry was pessimistic in his response to Strazzi even though he was complementing him. Michelangelo's sculpture brought out his optimism. Michelangelo was optimistic in completing The Tomb of Pope Julius II and persevered through it's many revisions trying to complete his vision. Sculpture was Michelangelo's main goal and the love of his life. Since his art portrayed both optimism and pessimism, Michelangelo was in touch with his positive and negative sides, showing that he had a great and stable personality. Michelangelo's artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it's natural state. Michelangelo Buonarroti was called to Rome in 1505 by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. We have no clear sense of what the tomb was to look like, since over the y ears it went through at least five conceptual revisions. The tomb was to have three levels; the bottom level was to have sculpted figures representing Victory and bond slaves. The second level was to have statues of Moses and Saint Paul as well as symbolic figures of the active and contemplative life- representative of the human striving for, and reception of, knowledge. The third level, it is assumed, was to have an effigy of the deceased pope. The tomb of Pope Julius II was never finished. What was finished of the tomb represents a twenty-year span of frustrating delays and revised schemes. Michelangelo had hardly begun work on the pope's tomb when Julius commanded him to fresco the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel to complete the work done in the previous century under Sixtus IV. The overall organization consists of four large triangles at the corner; a series of eight triangular spaces on the outer border; an intermediate series of figures; and nine central panels, all bound togeth er with architectural motifs and nude male figures. The corner triangles depict heroic action in the Old Testament, while the other eight triangles depict the biblical ancestors of Jesus Christ. Michelangelo conceived and executed this huge work as a single unit. It's overall meaning is a problem. The issue has engaged historians of art for generations without satisfactory resolution. The paintings that were done by Michelangelo had been painted with the brightest colors that just bloomed the whole ceiling as one entered to look. The ceiling had been completed just a little after the Pope had died. The Sistine Chapel is the best fresco ever done. Michelangelo embodied many characteristic qualities of the Renaissance. An individualistic, highly competitive genius (sometimes to the point of eccentricity). Michelangelo was not afraid to show humanity in it's natural state - nakedness; even in front of the Pope and the other religious leaders. Michelangelo portrayed life as it is, even with it's troubles. Michelangelo wanted to express his own artistic ideas. The most puzzling thing about Michelangelo's ceiling design is the great number of seemingly irrelevant nude figures that he included in his gigantic fresco. Four youths frame most of the Genesis scenes. We know from historical records that various church officials objected to the many nudes, but Pope Julius gave Michelangelo artistic freedom, and eventually ruled the chapel off limits to anyone save himself, until the painting was completed. The many nude figures are referred to as Ignudi. They are naked humans, perhaps representing the naked truth. More likely, I think they represent Michelangelo's concept of the human potential for perfection. Michelangelo himself said, ?Whoever strives for perfection is striving for something divine.? In painting nude humans, he is suggesting the unfinished human; each of us is born nude with a mind and a body, in Neoplatonic thought, with the power to be our own shapers . Michelangelo has a very great personality for his time. In Rome, in 1536, Michelangelo was at work on the Last Judgment for the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel, which he finished in 1541. The largest fresco of the Renaissance, it depicts Judgment Day. Christ, with a clap of thunder, puts into motion the inevitable separation, with the saved ascending on the left side of

African History essays

African History essays 1. According to Henry Louis Gates, almost 50% of the Afro-American literary tradition was created when its authors and their black readers were either slaves or former slaves. 2. Slave narratives were produced for many reasons. One was to inform others of the hardships that slaves endured. Slaves wanted people to hear their stories, and learn from their experiences. It was believed that in literacy came true freedom for the black slave. This is another reason that so many narratives were written. The only way that slaves could truly be free was to express themselves in their writing. 3. Slave narratives were produced in two ways. One was through the printing press, in which they wrote their stories, and they were put into books or articles. Another was through oral traditions, where their stories were passed along through generations by word of mouth. 4. We teach slave narrative along with American and African-American autobiography because the first narratives laid the groundwork for autobiographies in the future. They set a pattern for first person narratives to come. Also, it gives two different view points for different situations that took place at the same time. It gives us a look at how differently Americans and slaves both reacted to slavery. ...

Bank Practice and Management inclusive of ratios and graphs Essay

Bank Practice and Management inclusive of ratios and graphs - Essay Example The main objective of the bank during its incorporation was to support the growth of Malaya that had just gained independence by financing economic development and offering modern financial services to the people (Maybank 8). Over the decades, Maybank has continued with expansion and embraced innovation by offering diverse products to its customers and supporting Malaysian citizens who invested or were trading abroad. Presently, Maybank has emerged as the largest company based on market capitalization in the Bursa Malaysia and is also identified as a leading bank in the region. The bank is currently guided by its mission of offering â€Å"humanising financial services across† and its well articulated vision of becoming a leader in offering financial services in the region (Maybank 10). Overview of the Bank Activities Maybank offers a range of financial products including commercial banking, stock broking, investment banking, Islamic banking, trustee services, asset management and insurance. The banking group has several subsidiaries. The Malayan Banking Berhad is the listed entity and holding company of Maybank Group. Mayan Banking Berhad has branches in Malaysia, London, Singapore, New York, Bahrain and Hong Kong. Some of the international unit subsidiaries of Maybank include PT Bank Internasional Indonesia TBK (BII), Maybank Philippines Inc., and Maybank International L (Ltd) (Maybank 34). Furthermore, the major subsidiaries of the banking group are Maybank Islamic Berhad, Maybank Investment Bank Berhad and Etiqa Insurance Berhad. Maybank Investment Bank Berhad is fully owned subsidiary of the group and is the main investment branch of Maybank. Kim Eng Holdings Ltd is also wholly owned subsidiary of Maybank and is the â€Å"regional securities powerhouse†. Maybank Islamic Berhad is the biggest provider of Islamic financial services throughout the Asian Pacific region. The 100 percent owned subsidiary owned by Maybank is the 17th Islamic banking institution in term of compliance to Shariah assets (Maybank 55). Tbk is 97 percent owned by Maybank and offers financial services such as Consumer and Corporate Banking and SME/Commercial services. The associate companies of Maybank Group are the MCB Bank in Pakistan and An Binh Bank in Vietnam both of which the group has 20 percent stake. The group corporate structure of Maybank is subdivided into four main areas, that is, commercial banking insurance and investment banking. The commercial banking includes various subsidiaries of the bank either owned wholly or partly. Additionally the investment banking section consist subsidiaries such as Maybank Investment Bank, Maybank IB Holdings SDN among other ventures. The insurance section includes all the subsidiaries that offer insurance services to customers. When it comes to the organizational structure, Maybank is headed by a board of directors which is then supported in its activities by the Chief Audit Executive, Head of Compliance and the General Counsel and Company Secretary (Maybank 85). The next in the hierarchy is the president assisted by several deputies. The deputies are in charge of Community financial services, global wholesale banking and group financial services. Maybank Group has developed several strategic objectives to be achieved by 2015. These goals include becoming the number one retail financial

About the role of Quantitative Easing in helping the UK out of the Essay

About the role of Quantitative Easing in helping the UK out of the slum - Essay Example The conditions following the financial collapse were by no means normal, however, and the Bank of England had to innovate. As conventional monetary tools became virtually ineffectual, the BOE started pursuing Quantitative Easing (QE) monetary regime. Joyce et al. (2011) defines QE as a government’s policy of expanding the central banks balance sheet with an objective of increasing the level of central bank’s reserves. The main purpose of the BOE in introducing the program was to expand the balance sheet. QE policy includes purchasing of assets from the financial market with an objective of imparting additional liquidity. Secondly, it seeks to affect the term structure of interest rates by influencing markets expectations on future interest rates. BOE’s decision to open asset purchase window marked the transition of BOE policies from a conventional regime to an unconventional QE regime. In early 2009, the Bank of England (BoE) introduced a large-scale asset purchase (LSAP) programme called quantitative easing (QE). When the intensity of global financial crisis was high following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008, most governments and central banks around the globe introduced a variety of ways meant at stabilising financial conditions and supporting aggregate demand (Joyce et al., 2011). The main focus of BOE was to purchase large amounts of UK government bonds (gilts) from non-financial institutions. The BOE finished the LSAP program in early 2010, but it restarted it in October 2011. The main intention of the BOE in engaging in QE program was to boost liquidity in UK financial markets and help in restoring stability in credit and bond markets. The BOE was responding to continued deterioration in world economic growth, excessive market volatility and persistent problems in international credit markets. In response, the BOE revised the official bank rate to th e downside and reduced them by 0.5% to 1.5% in January 2009, prior to the introduction of